ʻO Salmonella kahi papa o ka gram-negative enterobacteria ma ka ʻohana Enterobacteriaceae.I ka makahiki 1880, ua ʻike mua ʻo Eberth iā Salmonella typhi.I ka makahiki 1885, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Salmon i ka Salmonella cholera i loko o nā puaʻa.I ka makahiki 1988, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Gartner iā Salmonella enteritidis mai nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi gastroenteritis.A i ka makahiki 1900, ua kapa ʻia ka papa ʻo Salmonella.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā mea ʻawaʻawa Salmonella ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa a ke piʻi nei ka maʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Nā hiʻohiʻona pathogenic
ʻO Salmonella he hua bacteria Gram-negative me ke koʻokoʻo pōkole, ka nui o ke kino (0.6 ~ 0.9) μm × (1 ~ 3) μm, nā hopena ʻelua i poʻe pōʻai, ʻaʻole i hana i nā pods a me nā pua pua.Me ka flagella, he motile ka Salmonella.
ʻAʻohe koi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi bacteria no ka meaʻai, a hoʻohana pinepine ka moʻomeheu kaʻawale i kahi ʻano ʻike koho koho.
I loko o ka hupa, lilo ke ʻano i mea ʻino a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka media agar ma hope o 24h incubation e hoʻohua i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻokiʻekiʻe iki, poepoe, translucent hina-keʻokeʻo.E nana i na Kii 1-1 a me 1-2.
Kiʻi 1-1 Salmonella ma lalo o ka microscope ma hope o ke kala ʻana o Gram
Kiʻi 2-3 Koloni morphology o Salmonella ma ka chromogenic medium
Nā hiʻohiʻona epidemiological
Laha nui ʻia ʻo Salmonella ma ke ʻano, ʻo ke kanaka a me nā holoholona e like me ka puaʻa, ka pipi, ka lio, ka hipa, ka moa, ka ʻiole, geese, etc.
Loaʻa i kekahi mau Salmonella nā mea hoʻokipa koho, e like me Salmonella abortus i loko o nā lio, Salmonella abortus i nā pipi, a ʻo Salmonella abortus i nā hipa ke kumu i ka hoʻohemo ʻana i nā lio, nā pipi, a me nā hipa;Hoʻopilikia wale ʻo Salmonella typhimurium i nā puaʻa;ʻAʻole pono nā Salmonella ʻē aʻe i nā pūʻali waena, a maʻalahi ka laha ma waena o nā holoholona a me nā holoholona, nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, a me nā kānaka ma o nā ala pololei a i ʻole.
ʻO ke ala nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana iā Salmonella ʻo ia ka digestive tract, a ʻo nā hua manu, nā moa, a me nā huahana ʻiʻo ke kumu nui o salmonellosis.
ʻO ka maʻi Salmonella i loko o ke kanaka a me nā holoholona hiki ke asymptomatic me ka bacteria a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻi make me nā hōʻailona lapaʻau, hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kūlana o ka maʻi, hoʻonui i ka nui o ka make a hōʻemi paha i ka hana hānau o ka holoholona.
ʻO ka pathogenicity o Salmonella e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma ke ʻano o Salmonella a me ke kūlana kino o ka mea e ʻai ana.ʻO Salmonella cholera ka mea maʻi nui loa i loko o nā puaʻa, a ma hope o Salmonella typhimurium, a ʻo Salmonella duck ka liʻiliʻi o ka pathogen;ʻO ka poʻe i hoʻoweliweli nui ʻia ʻo nā keiki, ka poʻe ʻelemakule, a me nā poʻe immunodeficient, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā maʻi pathogenic hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻai a me nā hōʻailona maʻi koʻikoʻi.
Nā pōʻino
ʻO Salmonella ka mea koʻikoʻi zoonotic pathogen i loko o ka ʻohana Enterobacteriaceae a loaʻa iā ia ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka maʻi maʻi bacterial.
Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ʻo Salmonella ke kuleana no 33 o 84 mau mea ʻona meaʻai bacterial i hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1973, e helu ana i ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o nā meaʻai me 2,045 mau mea make.
ʻO ka hōʻike makahiki 2018 e pili ana i nā ʻano a me nā kumu o zoonoses i paʻi ʻia e ka European Food Safety Authority a me ka European Center for Disease Prevention and Control e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 1/3 o nā maʻi maʻi i lawe ʻia i ka meaʻai ma EU ke kumu ʻia e Salmonella a ʻo ka salmonellosis ka lua. hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka maʻi ʻōpū o ke kanaka ma EU (91,857 mau hihia i hōʻike ʻia), ma hope o ka campylobacteriosis (246,571 mau hihia).ʻOi aku ka nui o ka 40% o nā meaʻai maʻi maʻi maʻi ma kekahi mau ʻāina.
ʻO kekahi o nā hanana nui loa o ka honua o ka salmonella meaʻai i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1953 i ka wā i make ai ka poʻe 7,717 a he 90 i make ma Suedena mai ka ʻai ʻana i ka puaʻa i haumia me S. typhimurium.
He weliweli loa ʻo Salmonella, a ma ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā pehea e pale ai i ka maʻi a hoʻolaha ʻia?
1. E hoʻoikaika i ka maʻemaʻe meaʻai a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā meaʻai.Kāohi i ka ʻiʻo, nā hua, a me ka waiū mai ka haumia ʻana i ka wā mālama.Mai ʻai i ka ʻiʻo maka, ka iʻa, a me nā hua.Mai ʻai i ka ʻiʻo mai nā moa maʻi a make paha a me nā holoholona ʻohana.
2. No ka mea, ʻo nā nalo, nā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole nā mea hoʻolaha no ka lawe ʻana i ka Salmonella.No laila, pono mākou e hana maikaʻi i ka luku ʻana i nā nalo, nā ʻiole, a me nā moʻo i mea e pale ai i ka haumia ʻana o ka meaʻai.
3. Hoʻololi i nā ʻano ʻai maikaʻi ʻole a me nā ʻano ola e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kāu ʻōnaehana pale.
Ka manawa kau: Apr-03-2023